Neonatal screening, a vital component of pediatric healthcare, involves testing newborns shortly after birth to identify genetic, metabolic, and congenital disorders that may not be apparent at birth. These screenings typically encompass a range of conditions, including phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease, among others. Early detection through neonatal screening allows for timely interventions and treatments, often preventing serious complications or developmental delays.